For economy effects
If you are comparing villager carrying and speed, wood gathering, or farm capacity, read these records for their distinct listed effects and research details.
Wheelbarrow and Hand Cart Double-Bit Axe Horse CollarAge of Empires II: Definitive Edition is identified here by its Steam app listing and release context. The gameplay passages describe technologies and unit upgrades in Age of Empires II. This reference collects named choices affecting villager carrying capacity, wood gathering, farm food, infantry and mounted units, ranged attacks, siege, Monk conversion, and military unit upgrades. Some records include research locations, costs, and times; others include only effects or civilization-specific access. The sources do not verify availability for every Definitive Edition mode or civilization. Records state the listed effects and explicit conditions, without ranking effectiveness or prescribing a build.

If you are comparing villager carrying and speed, wood gathering, or farm capacity, read these records for their distinct listed effects and research details.
Wheelbarrow and Hand Cart Double-Bit Axe Horse CollarIf you are tracing unit effects, compare infantry speed and armor with the listed hit-point and speed technologies for mounted units.
Squires Chain Mail Armor BloodlinesIf you need ranged or siege modifications, compare Thumb Ring’s archer effect with Siege Engineers’ range and building-attack effects and exceptions.
Thumb Ring Siege EngineersChoose a topic to see how it works, where it helps and what to consider.
Wheelbarrow and Hand Cart increase villager speed and carrying capacity, with different listed carrying-capacity bonuses.
Understand this choiceDouble-Bit Axe increases the rate at which villagers chop wood.
Understand this choiceHorse Collar increases the food capacity of farms by 75.
Understand this choiceHeavy Plow adds farm food capacity and increases villagers’ food carrying capacity.
Understand this choiceSquires increases infantry speed by 10%.
Understand this choiceChain Mail Armor increases infantry melee and pierce armor by one point each.
Understand this choiceThumb Ring makes archers fire faster and gives them 100% accuracy, as listed in the source.
Understand this choiceParthian Tactics grants mounted archers and Arambai armor and additional attack against Spearmen.
Understand this choiceBloodlines adds 20 hit points to mounted units.
Understand this choiceHusbandry increases mounted-unit speed by 10%.
Understand this choiceSiege Engineers increases siege weapon range and attack against buildings, with exceptions for range and a larger building-attack bonus for two unit types.
Understand this choiceRedemption allows Monks to convert all siege units and most buildings.
Understand this choiceBlock Printing increases Monk conversion range by three.
Understand this choiceTheocracy changes the resting condition when several Monks convert the same target.
Understand this choiceThe Light Cavalry upgrade adds hit points and attack, reduces reload time, and increases attack against Monks.
Understand this choiceThe upgrade passage lists civilization-specific access and bonuses, including free upgrades and upgrades available at a different Age. A general table entry alone does not establish identical access for every civilization.
The upgrade passage says existing units are upgraded except converted units. It also says some free upgrades arrive with Age advancements and change statistics without changing unit cosmetics.
Siege Engineers excludes rams and Armored Elephants from its range increase, while Redemption covers all siege units but only most buildings. Those limits are part of the recorded effects.
Selected systems and editions described by the linked references.