Pick
A pick is required for mining, and the Miner source also describes pickaxes as weapons that combine piercing and slashing attacks.
How it works
The weapon use is not automatic protection for a miner: a dwarf attacked while busy mining will not generally use the pick in combat unless forced to. The cited source discusses iron picks as an option, but this reference does not claim a universal best material or replacement requirement.
Read the supporting references
Reference to fortress development choices: selected work skills, metalworking roles, materials, and manufactured equipment. Does not cover Adventure mode or provide a complete skill catalog. Guidance explains the referenced mechanics; it is not a tested damage ranking. Check the stated edition and source version before applying a patch-specific detail.